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HD Thesis Course Guide: Finding Sources

Summon Your Answer Here!

Using Summon, our library search and discovery interface, you will find items including scholarly journal articles, newspaper articles, books, and eBooks. Please remember that Summon searches many but not all library resources. Comprehensive searches should be done in subject-specific databases, especially for our video collections. 

View video to see instructions on a Summon Basic Search

Tips For Evaluating Sources

Currency, Reliability, Authority and Purpose/Point of View

Not all sources were created equal.  When determining how or if you should use a specific website in your work, run it through the CRAAP test.  Does the site pass the test, or is it a bunch of...?

  • Currency
    • How recent is the information?
    • How recently has the website been updated?
    • Is it current enough for your topic?
  • Reliability
    • What kind of information is included in the resource?
    • Is the content of the resource primarily opinion?  Is it balanced?
    • Does the creator provide references or sources for data or quotations?
  • Accuracy
    • Can the information be verified by other sources?
    • Does the evidence presented justify the claims?
    • Are there spelling or grammar errors?
  • Authority
    • Who is the creator or author?
    • What are the credentials?
    • Who is the published or sponsor?
    • Are they reputable?
    • What is the publisher's interest (if any) in this information?
    • Are there advertisements on the website?
  • Purpose/Point of View
    • Is this fact or opinion?
    • Is it biased?
    • Is the creator/author trying to sell you something?

(originally from the LOEX 2008 wiki)

Recommended Books

Types of Sources

Scholarly - This material will be written by an expert in field, usually someone with an advanced degree or someone who has a plethora of experience. It is written to educate others academics and share ideas within the academic community. Scholarly material can be found books or scholarly journals 

Peer-reviewed - Peer-reviewed is often considered the most reliable information. Not only was this written by an expert in the field, other experts in the field reviewed the articles methodology and information. It is written to educate others academics and share ideas within the academic community. Most academic journals require that any article they publish first be peer-reviewed. 

Popular -  Written to entertain or inform a general audience. This material is usually written by a journalist, enthusiasts, or freelance writer and can be found in magazines, online news outlets, blogs, and many websites.